Tutorial
Introduction
The Apache HTTP server is the most widely-used web server in the world. It provides many powerful features including dynamically loadable modules, robust media support, and extensive integration with other popular software.
Ubuntu 20.04 is the newest Ubuntu release, codenamed Focal Fossa. To install the latest Ubuntu version 20.04 desktop, follow this easy guide with screenshots. It can download files, web pages, and directories. It contains intelligent routines to traverse links in web pages and recursively download content across an entire website. It is unsurpassed as a command-line download manager. Curl satisfies an altogether different need. Yes, it can retrieve files, but it cannot recursively navigate a website. 12.04.5/ 2019-03-12 05:16 - Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) 12.04/ 2019-03-12 05:16 - Ubuntu 12.04.5 LTS (Precise Pangolin) 14.04.6/. Since 7.04 Ubuntu, PowerPC downloads of Ubuntu are not available on all Ubuntu mirrors. Below you'll find links to the ISOs on the main Ubuntu server, as well as, help on finding mirrors. Web app to run the Linux Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Lubuntu and Xubuntu from the OnWorks free servers hosting provider Run online Linux Ubuntu versions using your web browser. This extension provides the following OSs: Ubuntu GNOME, Kubuntu, Lubuntu and Xubuntu. All of them run using an integration with our 'OnWorks' free servers hosting provider.
In this guide, we'll explain how to install an Apache web server on your Ubuntu 20.04 server.
Prerequisites
Before you begin this guide, you should have a regular, non-root user with sudo privileges configured on your server. Additionally, you will need to enable a basic firewall to block non-essential ports. You can learn how to configure a regular user account and set up a firewall for your server by following our Initial server setup guide for Ubuntu 20.04.
When you have an account available, log in as your non-root user to begin.
Step 1 — Installing Apache
Apache is available within Ubuntu's default software repositories, making it possible to install it using conventional package management tools.
Let's begin by updating the local package index to reflect the latest upstream changes:
Then, install the apache2 package:
After confirming the installation, apt will install Apache and all required dependencies.
Step 2 — Adjusting the Firewall
Before testing Apache, it's necessary to modify the firewall settings to allow outside access to the default web ports. Assuming that you followed the instructions in the prerequisites, you should have a UFW firewall configured to restrict access to your server.
During installation, Apache registers itself with UFW to provide a few application profiles that can be used to enable or disable access to Apache through the firewall.
List the ufw application profiles by typing:
You will receive a list of the application profiles:
As indicated by the output, there are three profiles available for Apache:
- Apache: This profile opens only port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic)
- Apache Full: This profile opens both port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic) and port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
- Apache Secure: This profile opens only port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
It is recommended that you enable the most restrictive profile that will still allow the traffic you've configured. Since we haven't configured SSL for our server yet in this guide, we will only need to allow traffic on port 80:
You can verify the change by typing:
The output will provide a list of allowed HTTP traffic:
As indicated by the output, the profile has been activated to allow access to the Apache web server.
Ubuntu Update Download
Step 3 — Checking your Web Server
At the end of the installation process, Ubuntu 20.04 starts Apache. The web server should already be up and running.
Check with the systemd init system to make sure the service is running by typing:
As confirmed by this output, the service has started successfully. However, the best way to test this is to request a page from Apache.
You can access the default Apache landing page to confirm that the software is running properly through your IP address. If you do not know your server's IP address, you can get it a few different ways from the command line.
Try typing this at your server's command prompt:
You will get back a few addresses separated by spaces. You can try each in your web browser to determine if they work.
Another option is to use the Icanhazip tool, which should give you your public IP address as read from another location on the internet:
When you have your server's IP address, enter it into your browser's address bar:
You should see the default Ubuntu 20.04 Apache web page:
This page indicates that Apache is working correctly. It also includes some basic information about important Apache files and directory locations.
Step 4 — Managing the Apache Process
Now that you have your web server up and running, let's go over some basic management commands using systemctl.
Before testing Apache, it's necessary to modify the firewall settings to allow outside access to the default web ports. Assuming that you followed the instructions in the prerequisites, you should have a UFW firewall configured to restrict access to your server.
During installation, Apache registers itself with UFW to provide a few application profiles that can be used to enable or disable access to Apache through the firewall.
List the ufw application profiles by typing:
You will receive a list of the application profiles:
As indicated by the output, there are three profiles available for Apache:
- Apache: This profile opens only port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic)
- Apache Full: This profile opens both port 80 (normal, unencrypted web traffic) and port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
- Apache Secure: This profile opens only port 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted traffic)
It is recommended that you enable the most restrictive profile that will still allow the traffic you've configured. Since we haven't configured SSL for our server yet in this guide, we will only need to allow traffic on port 80:
You can verify the change by typing:
The output will provide a list of allowed HTTP traffic:
As indicated by the output, the profile has been activated to allow access to the Apache web server.
Ubuntu Update Download
Step 3 — Checking your Web Server
At the end of the installation process, Ubuntu 20.04 starts Apache. The web server should already be up and running.
Check with the systemd init system to make sure the service is running by typing:
As confirmed by this output, the service has started successfully. However, the best way to test this is to request a page from Apache.
You can access the default Apache landing page to confirm that the software is running properly through your IP address. If you do not know your server's IP address, you can get it a few different ways from the command line.
Try typing this at your server's command prompt:
You will get back a few addresses separated by spaces. You can try each in your web browser to determine if they work.
Another option is to use the Icanhazip tool, which should give you your public IP address as read from another location on the internet:
When you have your server's IP address, enter it into your browser's address bar:
You should see the default Ubuntu 20.04 Apache web page:
This page indicates that Apache is working correctly. It also includes some basic information about important Apache files and directory locations.
Step 4 — Managing the Apache Process
Now that you have your web server up and running, let's go over some basic management commands using systemctl.
To stop your web server, type:
To start the web server when it is stopped, type:
To stop and then start the service again, type:
If you are simply making configuration changes, Apache can often reload without dropping connections. To do this, use this command:
By default, Apache is configured to start automatically when the server boots. If this is not what you want, disable this behavior by typing:
To re-enable the service to start up at boot, type:
Apache should now start automatically when the server boots again.
Step 5 — Setting Up Virtual Hosts (Recommended)
When using the Apache web server, you can use virtual hosts (similar to server blocks in Nginx) to encapsulate configuration details and host more than one domain from a single server. We will set up a domain called your_domain, but you should replace this with your own domain name. If you are setting up a domain name with DigitalOcean, please refer to our Networking Documentation.
Apache on Ubuntu 20.04 has one server block enabled by default that is configured to serve documents from the /var/www/html directory. While this works well for a single site, it can become unwieldy if you are hosting multiple sites. Instead of modifying /var/www/html, let's create a directory structure within /var/www for a your_domain site, leaving /var/www/html in place as the default directory to be served if a client request doesn't match any other sites.
Create the directory for your_domain as follows:
Next, assign ownership of the directory with the $USER environment variable:
The permissions of your web roots should be correct if you haven't modified your umask value, which sets default file permissions. To ensure that your permissions are correct and allow the owner to read, write, and execute the files while granting only read and execute permissions to groups and others, you can input the following command:
Next, create a sample index.html page using nano or your favorite editor:
Inside, add the following sample HTML:
Save and close the file when you are finished.
In order for Apache to serve this content, it's necessary to create a virtual host file with the correct directives. Instead of modifying the default configuration file located at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf directly, let's make a new one at /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_domain.conf:
Paste in the following configuration block, which is similar to the default, but updated for our new directory and domain name:
Notice that we've updated the DocumentRoot to our new directory and ServerAdmin to an email that the your_domain site administrator can access. We've also added two directives: ServerName, which establishes the base domain that should match for this virtual host definition, and ServerAlias, which defines further names that should match as if they were the base name.
Ubuntu Download Page
Save and close the file when you are finished.
Let's enable the file with the a2ensite tool:
Disable the default site defined in 000-default.conf:
Next, let's test for configuration errors:
You should receive the following output:
Restart Apache to implement your changes:
Apache should now be serving your domain name. You can test this by navigating to http://your_domain, where you should see something like this:
Step 6 – Getting Familiar with Important Apache Files and Directories
Now that you know how to manage the Apache service itself, you should take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with a few important directories and files.
Content
/var/www/html: The actual web content, which by default only consists of the default Apache page you saw earlier, is served out of the/var/www/htmldirectory. This can be changed by altering Apache configuration files.
Server Configuration
/etc/apache2: The Apache configuration directory. All of the Apache configuration files reside here./etc/apache2/apache2.conf: The main Apache configuration file. This can be modified to make changes to the Apache global configuration. This file is responsible for loading many of the other files in the configuration directory./etc/apache2/ports.conf: This file specifies the ports that Apache will listen on. By default, Apache listens on port 80 and additionally listens on port 443 when a module providing SSL capabilities is enabled./etc/apache2/sites-available/: The directory where per-site virtual hosts can be stored. Apache will not use the configuration files found in this directory unless they are linked to thesites-enableddirectory. Typically, all server block configuration is done in this directory, and then enabled by linking to the other directory with thea2ensitecommand./etc/apache2/sites-enabled/: The directory where enabled per-site virtual hosts are stored. Typically, these are created by linking to configuration files found in thesites-availabledirectory with thea2ensite. Apache reads the configuration files and links found in this directory when it starts or reloads to compile a complete configuration./etc/apache2/conf-available/,/etc/apache2/conf-enabled/: These directories have the same relationship as thesites-availableandsites-enableddirectories, but are used to store configuration fragments that do not belong in a virtual host. Files in theconf-availabledirectory can be enabled with thea2enconfcommand and disabled with thea2disconfcommand./etc/apache2/mods-available/,/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/: These directories contain the available and enabled modules, respectively. Files ending in.loadcontain fragments to load specific modules, while files ending in.confcontain the configuration for those modules. Modules can be enabled and disabled using thea2enmodanda2dismodcommand.
Server Logs
/var/log/apache2/access.log: By default, every request to your web server is recorded in this log file unless Apache is configured to do otherwise./var/log/apache2/error.log: By default, all errors are recorded in this file. TheLogLeveldirective in the Apache configuration specifies how much detail the error logs will contain.
Conclusion
Now that you have your web server installed, you have many options for the type of content you can serve and the technologies you can use to create a richer experience.
If you'd like to build out a more complete application stack, you can read this article on how to configure a LAMP stack on Ubuntu 20.04
Contents
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Since 7.04 Ubuntu, PowerPC downloads of Ubuntu are not available on all Ubuntu mirrors. Below you'll find links to the ISOs on the main Ubuntu server, as well as, help on finding mirrors.
Please review the PowerPC FAQ and the PowerPC Known Issues pages before installing. All the information you need for a successful install should be in those pages, so make sure you check them out first before wasting your time and effort on needless internet searches. Please do tell somebody on the Apple forum if you think the instructions are unclear or are missing something, but it would be great if you could make the improvement yourself!
You may also wish to read the general release notes.
14.04 Trusty Tahr
Lubuntu (LTS, 3 years)
Desktop live install CD, alternate install CD Away from her download.
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/trusty/release/
Server (LTS, 5 years)
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/trusty/release/
Netboot/mini
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/trusty/
12.04 Precise Pangolin
Ubuntu (LTS, 5 years)
Desktop live install CD, server install CD, alternate install CD, and preinstalled desktop image for various platforms
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/precise/release/
Kubuntu (LTS, 5 years)
Desktop live install CD, alternate install CD
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/precise/release/
Lubuntu
Desktop live install CD, alternate install CD
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/precise/release/
Xubuntu (LTS, 3 years)
Install via the mini/alternate CDs following the instructions in the PowerPC FAQ.
Netboot/mini
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/precise/
Netboot/mini
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/lucid/
Lubuntu
Desktop live install CD, alternate install CD
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/
Kubuntu
Desktop live install CD
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/releases/
Server
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/
Netboot/mini
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/
The following iso's are available for testing. In order for an iso to be released it must complete a series of test cases - volunteers are needed for this! Please also report bugs so that they get fixed prior to release.
Ubuntu MATE
Live CD - http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-mate/daily-live/current/
Lubuntu
Live CD - http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/daily-live/current/
Alternate CD - http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/daily/current/
Ubuntu-Server
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server/daily/current/
Netboot/Mini
http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/netboot/
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/
More specifically
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/ports/releases/
This is not an complete list (please add to it). Using the list of official CD mirrors and a bit of ingenuity traversing the mirror directory structures (for example, click on the Parent Directory/ or ./ link) you can probably find more mirrors that contain PowerPC releases. Most PowerPC ISOs are in a ports directory, but for others (e.g. 12.04) you can find them in the releases directory. Daily development builds can be found with other architectures in the daily/ (Alternate CD) or daily-live/ (Desktop CD) directories.
Academic Computer Club, Umeå University, Sweden
http://ftp.acc.umu.se/mirror/cdimage.ubuntu.com/
Silicon Hill, Czech Republic
http://ftp.sh.cvut.cz/MIRRORS/ubuntu-cdimage/
University of Waterloo Computer Science Club, Canada
http://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/ubuntu-ports-releases/
LeaseWeb, United States
http://mirror.us.leaseweb.net/ubuntu-cdimage/
Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
http://ubuntu.mirror.tudos.de/ubuntu-dvd/ports/releases/
Internode, Australia
http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/
PowerPCDownloads (last edited 2015-09-12 06:48:05 by adamsmith)
